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Описание: Artillery museum. Saint-Petersburg. Артиллерийский музей. Санкт-Петербург. The 2K11 Krug (Russian: 2К11 «Круг»; English: circle) is a Soviet and now Russian long-range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. "2K11" is its GRAU designation, while SA-4 Ganef is its NATO reporting name. The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building Plant. Development of the Krug ZRK-SD (2K11) air defense system started in 1957 by the Lyulev OKB design bureau. It was first displayed during a parade in Moscow in May 1964. The system started to be fielded in 1967 and became fully operational in 1969. It was used by the Russian Army as a long-range SAM. The early version of the Krug entered service in 1965. The first operational deployment version, the Krug-A, entered service in 1967, with extensively modified versions, the Krug-M in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974, which were developed to rectify problems discovered during army service.[1] The upgraded version Krug-M was fielded in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974. A target drone called 9M316M Virazh, developed from obsolete Krug missiles, was proposed for export in 1994. The 2K11 was briefly operated by the Soviet army during the war in Afghanistan in 1979 and 1980, but was withdrawn several months after the initial invasion.[4] In 1997, it was reported[2] that, between 1993 and 1996, some 27 fire units of Krug and 349 missiles had been sold to Armenia. Poland flight tested four missiles in September 2006 against P-15 Termit (SS-N-2 'Styx') targets. The missiles are launched with the aid of four solid fuel rocket motors inside boosters attached to the outside of the massive missile. Once they have burned and the missile is aloft, it fires a liquid-fuelled ramjet sustainer engine. It reaches speeds of up to Mach 4 and has an effective range of 50–55 km (31–34 miles) depending upon the version. It carries a 135 kg (300 lb) warhead. Possible engagement altitudes range from 100 m-27 km (330-88,500 feet). 3M8 missile was designed and produced by NPO Novator. Missile guidance is via radio command with a terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH) phase. Optical tracking is possible for the initial command guidance stage in a heavy ECM environment. n service 1964–present Production history Designer Lyulev Novator Designed 1957 Manufacturer MZiK Variants Krug, Krug-A, Krug-M, Krug-M1, Krug-M2, Krug-M3 Specifications (2K11 Krug[1]) Weight 28,200 kg Length 7.5 m (9.46 m with missiles) Width 3.2 m Height 4.472 m (with missiles) Crew 3 to 5 Armour 15 mm Engine V-59 V-12 water-cooled diesel 520 hp Power/weight 17.33 hp/t Ground clearance 0.44 m Fuel capacity 850 litres Operational range 780 km Speed 35 km/h en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SA-4_Ganef

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